Ochratoxin A induced differentiation nephrotoxicity in renal tubule and glomeruli via autophagy differential regulation

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that mainly causes nephrotoxicity. The single nephrotoxicity of OTA exposure on glomeruli or renal tubule had been well documented, however, the comparison toxicity between it is still unclear. Here, C57BL/6 mice and two types of nephrocyte were treated with concentration-gradient OTA to explore its differentiation nephrotoxicity. Results showed that OTA induced nephrotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, manifested as the deteriorative kidney function in mice and the cut-down cell viability in nephrocyte. Besides, results of murine kidney pathological section and IC₅₀ of two types nephrocyte indicated that OTA-induced toxicity in renal tubule was higher than its in glomeruli. In addition, OTA exposure induced autophagy signaling differentiation expression. It revealed that autophagy was implicated in OTA-induced differential nephrotoxicity in glomeruli and renal tubule. Altogether, we proved that OTA induces a differentiation nephrotoxicity in glomeruli and renal tubule, and it is related to autophagy differential regulation.     

基于移动医疗的妊娠期盆底肌训练对产后尿失禁发生的影响：一项基于随机对照试验设计的探索性研究

背景 孕产妇尿失禁（UI）发病率高，严重影响了女性生活质量。研究表明，盆底肌训练是UI有效的防治手段，本研究前期进行了一项随机对照试验（RCT），结果发现相比于常规宣教，基于移动医疗APP的盆底肌训练并未显现出预防优势，其原因需要进一步深入探讨。 目的 本研究拟对一项基于APP的妊娠期盆底肌训练的干预研究的阴性结果进行探索性分析，旨在探讨产后UI预防效果的影响因素以及获益的亚组人群。 方法 本研究数据来源于前期开展的一项RCT，采用方便抽样法，于2020年6—10月在南方医科大学深圳医院产科门诊招募了126例研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组，每组各63例。对照组采用常规护理，干预组在此基础上使用"有爱屋"APP进行尿失禁自我管理，干预周期为2个月。产后42 d随访时收集两组产后相关资料，包括产后42 d UI发生情况。以产后是否发生UI为结局指标，将研究对象分为病例组和对照组，采用Logistic回归分析探讨混杂因素及其与干预方式之间的交互作用对产后UI发生的影响。针对Logistic回归分析的结果进行分层分析，探讨是否存在能从APP干预中获益的亚组人群。 结果 病例组和对照组阴道分娩史、入组时存在UI、Broome盆底肌自我效能量表（BPMSES）得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，入组时存在UI是产后发生UI的危险因素〔OR=15.897，95%CI（4.724，53.495），P<0.001〕；BPMSES得分与干预方式的交互作用可影响产后UI的发生〔OR=1.034，95%CI（1.017，1.051），P<0.001〕。分层分析结果显示，入组时存在UI症状的孕妇，干预组产后UI发生率低于对照组（χ2=4.18，P=0.041）；入组时不存在UI症状的孕妇，两组产后UI发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.89，P=0.284）。 结论 推荐有UI症状的孕妇使用"有爱屋"APP或许可预防产后UI的发生。而对于妊娠期没有UI症状的人群使用"有爱屋"APP预防产后UI发生的证据尚不充分。另外，不管有无UI症状，盆底肌训练自我效能高的孕妇有望从APP干预中获益。     

The magnitude and progress of lean body mass,fat-free mass,and skeletal muscle mass loss following bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Postbariatric loss of muscle tissue could negatively affect long-term health due to its role in various bodily processes, such as metabolism and functional capacity. This meta-analysis aimed to unravel time-dependent changes in the magnitude and progress of lean body mass (LBM), fat-free mass (FFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) loss following bariatric surgery. A systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Fifty-nine studies assessed LBM (n = 37), FFM (n = 20), or SMM (n = 3) preoperatively and ≥1 time points postsurgery. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to determine pooled loss per outcome parameter and follow-up time point. At 12-month postsurgery, pooled LBM loss was ?8.13 kg [95%CI ?9.01; ?7.26]. FFM loss and SMM loss were ?8.23 kg [95%CI ?10.74; ?5.73] and ?3.18 kg [95%CI ?5.64; ?0.71], respectively. About 55% of 12-month LBM loss occurred within 3-month postsurgery, followed by a more gradual decrease up to 12 months. Similar patterns were seen for FFM and SMM. In conclusion, >8 kg of LBM and FFM loss was observed within 1-year postsurgery. LBM, FFM, and SMM were predominantly lost within 3-month postsurgery, highlighting that interventions to mitigate such losses should be implemented perioperatively.     

Identifying current uses of return to work screening tests and their effectiveness of reducing the risk of reinjury in athletic occupations – A systematic review

ObjectiveTo identify the current return-to-work (RTW) screening tests conducted for athletic occupations following injury and their effectiveness of reducing reinjury risk.MethodsA search was made of multiple databases (BioMed Central, CINAHL through ebscohost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PUBMED, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) from their inception to March 2022, using relevant terms to identify articles meeting predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The search, data extraction, risk of bias, and evaluation of the certainty of the findings were completed independently by two authors. To understand the effectiveness of screening tests and their impact in reducing in reinjury rates, results were split into the following three time points: “Short-term” (≤1 year), “Medium-term” (≥2 years) and “Long-term” (≥3 years).ResultsFive studies (n = 507) met the inclusion criteria. There was a very low level of certainty for the effectiveness of screening tools reducing reinjury risk at short-term, medium-term and long-term follow ups. Only one study recorded a large effect in the reducing reinjury risk.ConclusionThe results demonstrated very low level of certainty for the effectiveness of screening tests reducing the risk of reinjury. A gap in our understanding currently exists for the effectiveness of RTW screening tests in tactical athletic occupations following injury and further research investigating is required.     

卡托普利对左向右分流先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者的血液动力学影响观察

目的观察卡托普利对左向右分流先天性心脏病肺动脉高压患者的血液动力学影响。方法随机选取2018年5月～2019年5月我院左向右分流先天性心脏病患者30例,给予所有患者卡托普利治疗,治疗前、治疗后3～5 d分别采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪(麦瑞Resona 75型)对患者的血液动力学指标进行检测,然后统计分析30例患者治疗前后的血液动力学。结果 30例患者治疗后的PAMP、AMP、TSR均显著低于治疗前(P0.05)。30例患者中治疗后19例TPR/TSR上升,11例TPR/TSR下降。TPR/TSR上升患者治疗后的AMP、TSR、Qp/Qs均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),TPR/TSR、Qs均显著高于治疗前(P0.05);TPR/TSR下降患者治疗后的PAMP、AMP、PAMP/AMP、TPR、TPR/TSR均显著低于治疗前(P0.05),Qp/Qs显著高于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗前TPR/TSR上升患者的TPR/TSR显著低于TPR/TSR下降患者(P0.05),但二者的PAMP、AMP、PAMP/AMP、TPR、TSR、Qp、Qs、Qp/Qs之间的差异均不显著(P0.05)。结论卡托普利能够有效降低左向右分流先天性心脏病患者的肺动脉高压,但会提升患者的Qp/Qs。     

萆苓祛痛方对糖尿病痛风大鼠骨骼肌组织SIRT3蛋白表达及URAT1 mRNA的影响

目的:探讨萆苓祛痛方对糖尿病痛风大鼠骨骼肌组织去乙酰化酶3(SIRT3)蛋白表达及尿酸盐转运体1(URAT1) mRNA的影响。方法:选择健康雄性大鼠40只,除正常组外,其余组予高脂饲料喂养并联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)溶液40 mg·kg-1腹腔注射1次,以血糖≥16. 7 mmol·L-1,为糖尿病模型。4 d后关节腔注射5%尿酸钠溶液1次,诱导痛风模型,模型成功后,分为萆苓祛痛方组(萆苓组,10 g·kg-1),吲哚美辛组(5 mg·kg-1),吡格列酮组(10 mg·kg-1),均连续给药21 d,正常组、模型组予等量生理盐水;采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)测定骨骼肌组织SIRT3蛋白表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测骨骼肌组织URAT1 mRNA表达,并进行病理检查,取血测定血糖(GLU),血尿酸(UA)及C反应蛋白(CRP)含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组GLU,UA及CRP明显升高(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,萆苓组、吡格列酮组血糖下降(P 0. 05);各药物组UA及CRP明显下降(P 0. 01)。与正常组比较,模型组骨骼肌SIRT3蛋白表达量显著降低(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,萆苓组骨骼肌SIRT3蛋白表达量显著提高(P 0. 01),与西药组比较无明显差异;条带图的结果同样显示,与正常组比较,模型组表达亮度明显减弱,药物组表达亮度明显增强;与正常组比较,模型组关节组织URAT1 mRNA相对表达量明显升高(P 0. 01);与模型组比较,各药物组URAT1 mRNA相对表达量显著下调(P 0. 01)。电泳图同样提示,正常组表达亮度减弱,模型组表达亮度显著增强,萆苓组、西药组表达亮度明显减弱。关节病理提示,与正常组比较,模型组大鼠关节病理损伤严重,可见大量炎细胞浸润及纤维增生,滑膜细胞变性、坏死。与模型组比较,萆苓祛痛方关节病变程度明显减低,见少量炎细胞浸润,滑膜上皮轻度增生。结论:具有泻浊解毒通络作用的萆苓祛痛方可显著提高糖尿病痛风大鼠骨骼肌组织SIRT3的蛋白表达量,下调URAT1 mRNA的表达量,减轻骨骼肌组织病理损伤,减低血清炎症因子CRP的含量,降低模型大鼠的血糖、血尿酸水平,有保护关节功能的作用。     

One Week of Hospitalization Following Elective Hip Surgery Induces Substantial Muscle Atrophy in Older Patients

Objectives

Short successive periods of skeletal muscle disuse have been suggested to substantially contribute to the observed loss of skeletal muscle mass over the life span. Hospitalization of older individuals due to acute illness, injury, or major surgery generally results in a mean hospital stay of 5 to 7 days, during which the level of physical activity is strongly reduced. We hypothesized that hospitalization following elective total hip arthroplasty is accompanied by substantial leg muscle atrophy in older men and women.

补肾壮骨汤对骨质疏松型胸腰椎压缩骨折患者椎体成形术治疗效果影响的Meta分析

[目的]采用Meta分析法系统评价补肾壮骨汤对椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型胸腰椎压缩骨折(OTCF)临床的影响。[方法]以"补肾壮骨汤"为首输关键词,以"椎体成形术""骨质疏松""胸腰椎压缩骨折"等为次输关键词,全面搜索补肾壮骨汤对OTCF患者椎体成形术治疗效果影响的随机对照研究文献,评价纳入研究文献的一般特征,对文献资料所提取的治疗有效率、骨密度、Oswestry功能障碍(ODI)指数、治疗安全性(新发骨折率)等观察指标进行Meta分析处理与分析。[结果]共13篇文献纳入Meta分析范畴,文献总样本量1 037例。分析显示,与对照组相比,治疗组可明显提高临床有效率[OR=4.63,95%CI[2.92,7.36],P0.000 01]、改善骨密度[MD=0.08,95%CI[0.06,0.1],P0.000 01]、降低ODI指数[MD=-2.34,95%CI[-3.49,-1.19],P0.000 01]、降低新发骨折率[OR=0.08,95%CI[0.11,0.44],P0.000 01]。[结论]与单纯椎体成形术治疗相比,补肾壮骨汤辅助椎体成形术在OTCF患者治疗中,可提升患者术后骨密度、改善胸腰椎功能障碍和降低术后新发骨折率,治疗疗效确切。